Electric charge is another fundamental physical property attributed to particles.
Wikipedia for electric charge:
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when close to other electrically charged matter. There are two types of electric charges – positive and negative. Positively charged substances are repelled from other positively charged substances, but attracted to negatively charged substances; negatively charged substances are repelled from negative and attracted to positive. An object will be negatively charged if it has an excess of electrons, and will otherwise be positively charged or uncharged. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), although in electrical engineering it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah), and in chemistry it is common to use the elementary charge (e) as a unit. The symbol Q is often used to denote a charge. The study of how charged substances interact is classical electrodynamics, which is accurate insofar as quantum effects can be ignored.
The electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces (See also: magnetic field).
The electric charge manifests as a force relative to other electrically charged particles. According to the Standard Model, the electron carries an electric charge and is assumed to be a point particle. How can we describe and visualize the effects of an electric charge? It requires understanding a point particle as being intangible and non-visible without spatial extension but with mass and an electric charge. This implies that the electron is material and physical.
This interaction occurs in space, where we attribute an electrically charged particle with the property of an ‘electromagnetic field’. The electromagnetic field is not a physical reality but rather an interference potential that arises when electrically charged particles are in motion relative to each other at short distances.
The description tunes towards the impact of an electric charge on other particles under specific circumstances and conditions.
Electric charge is a relativistic invariant. That means that whatever amount of energy we deploy in, for instance, the Large Hadron collider, it does not create an impact on the electric charge. The relativistic mass may increase enormously, but it does not affect the electric charge of the matter. Also, the electric charge is independent of the invariant mass because the electric charge of an electron and the electric charge of a proton carries the same amount of charge but with a perceived different character. This perceived difference is regularly defined as a positive and a negative electric charge.
A positive and a negative charge attract each other. That is formulated in Coulomb’s law. By convention, the electric charge of an electron is negative, and that of a proton is positive. The absolute values of both types of charges are assumed to be equal, as they may annihilate each other.