Thermal expansion is a well-known phenomenon, but the Dutch paradigm has a different explanation for its origin.
It is the natural tendency of a substance to expand or contract in response to changes in temperature due to heat transfer.
Wikipedia:
Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases. Thus, the molecules begin moving more and usually maintain a greater average separation. Materials which contract with increasing temperature are unusual; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges (see examples below). The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material’s coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.
The common belief is that temperature reflects the kinetic energy of molecules. According to this perspective, the size of the molecules remains constant; they simply vibrate in all directions and expand when heated. This model is difficult to understand. The ambient temperature has no specific direction, so the vibrations must also be direction-insensitive. Therefore, it is likely that the prevailing idea suggests that the molecules pulsate spherically.
This description pertains to the behavior of molecules and requires interpretation at the atomic level. Do atoms and nuclei also exhibit the same type of spherical vibration?
The Dutch Paradigm provides another model for understanding thermal expansion.
In the illustration we have:
At lower temperatures, substances exist in solid, liquid, and gaseous states. When the temperature increases, the electrons in the outer shell might move away from the nucleus, breaking the Coulomb binding. This results in the ionization of the atoms. However, most elements still have one or more electron-filled shells, except for certain elements found low in the Periodic Table. At extremely high temperatures, more electrons will be released from their Coulomb barrier.
The fact that electrons can also overcome their Coulomb barrier by absorbing energy means that they interact with photons with a certain frequency level and free electric energy. The prevailing paradigm of vibrating molecules and atoms does not predict this behavior.
At different temperature levels, molecules and atoms are surrounded by a sea of photons that can be absorbed by the gamma photons within the structures. These gamma photons are present in the electrons as well as in the dodecahedrons of the nucleus. This absorption occurs due to photon/photon interference. A photon can interfere constructively with other photons present when it enters an atom. This can happen in the electron shell or within the nucleus. Instead of simply passing through and being emitted or reflected, the photons within the atom reach an equilibrium with photons of different frequencies, depending on the surrounding temperature. These photons are considered visitors because they only pass through briefly and have a short interference effect. The visiting photon can easily separate from the gamma photon and return to the environment for a subsequent encounter. This process is similar to our ability to observe objects. Observing our surroundings relies on a continuous influx of photons within the visible light spectrum to and from objects. The environment is illuminated by photons, assuming there is a sufficient source that emits the necessary photons.
What we observe is visible proof of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
When the source stops emitting the appropriate photons, the objects become invisible again due to the ongoing random dissipation of the emitted photons.
The same process of dissipation occurs with photons at every level of frequency.
Hence, when we use the term ‘naked’ to describe entities such as the naked photon, naked electron, and naked proton, we refer to a hypothetical scenario that is not achievable in physical reality. This would imply the absence of all environmental influences on photons, describing these entities at zero Kelvin.
We measure physical phenomena at ambient temperatures, and as a result, we will always deal with additional photons that interfere specifically with the gamma photons in the constructs.